Preface to the Third Edition
Introduction
Part I. Toward a Theory of Human Rights
1. The Concept of Human Rights
How Rights Work
Special Features of Human Rights
Human Nature and Human Rights
Human Rights and Related Practices
Analytic and Substantive Theories
The Failure of Foundational Appeals
Coping with Contentious Foundations
2. The Universal Declaration Model
The Universal Declaration
The Universal Declaration Model
Human Dignity and Human Rights
Individual Rights
Interdependence and Indivisibility
The State and International Human Rights
Respecting, Protecting, and Providing Human Rights
Realizing Human Rights and Human Dignity
3. Economic Rights and Group Rights
The Status of Economic and Social Rights
Group Rights and Human Rights
4. Equal Concern and Respect
Hegemony and Settled Norms
An Overlapping Consensus on International Human Rights
Moral Theory, Political Theory, and Human Rights
Equal Concern and Respect
Toward a Liberal Theory of Human Rights
Consensus: Overlapping but Bounded
Part II. The Universality and Relativity of Human Rights
5. A Brief History of Human Rights
Politics and Justice in the Premodern Non-Western World
The Premodern West
The Modern Invention of Human Rights
The American and French Revolutions
Approaching the Universal Declaration
Expanding the Subjects and Substance of Human Rights
6. The Relative Universality of Human Rights
"Universal" and "Relative"
The Universality of Internationally Recognized Human Rights
Three Levels of Universality and Particularity
Relative Universality: A Multidimensional Perspective
7. Universality in a World of Particularities
Culture and the Relativity of Human Rights
Advocating Universality in a World of Particularities
Part III. Human Rights and Human Dignity
8. Dignity: Particularistic and Universalistic Conceptions in the West
Dignitas: The Roman Roots of Dignity
Biblical Conceptions: Kavod and Imago Dei
Kant
Rights and Dignity in the West
Dignity and the Foundations of Human Rights
9. Humanity, Dignity, and Politics in Confucian China
Cosmology and Ethics
Confucians and the Early Empires
“Neo-Confucianism” and Song Imperial Rule
Twentieth-Century Encounters with “Rights”
Human Rights and Asian Values
10. Humans and Society in Hindu South Asia
Cosmology
Social Philosophy
Caste
Hindu Universalism
Opposition to Caste Discrimination
Hinduism and Human Rights in Contemporary India
Part IV. Human Rights and International Action
11. International Human Rights Regimes
The Global Human Rights Regime
Political Foundations of the Global Regime
Regional Human Rights Regimes
Single-Issue Human Rights Regimes
Assessing Multilateral Human Rights Mechanisms
The Evolution of Human Rights Regimes
12. Human Rights and Foreign Policy
Human Rights and the National Interest
International Human Rights and National Identity
Means and Mechanisms of Bilateral Action
The Aims of Human Rights Policy
Foreign Policy and Human Rights Policy
The Limits of International Action
Appendix: Arguments against International Human Rights Policies
Part V. Contemporary Issues
13. Human Rights, Democracy, and Development
The Contemporary Language of Legitimacy
Defining Democracy
Democracy and Human Rights
Defining Development
Development-Rights Tradeoffs
Development and Civil and Political Rights
Markets and Economic and Social Rights
The Liberal Democratic Welfare State
14. The West and Economic and Social Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Domestic Western Practice
The International Human Rights Covenants
Functional and Regional Organizations
Further Evidence of Western Support
Understanding the Sources of the Myth
Why Does It Matter?
15. Humanitarian Intervention against Genocide
Intervention and International Law
Humanitarian Intervention and International Law
The Moral Standing of the State
Politics, Partisanship, and International Order
Changing Conceptions of Security and Sovereignty
Justifying the Anti-genocide Norm
Changing Legal Practices
“Justifying” Humanitarian Intervention
Mixed Motives and Consistency
Politics and the Authority to Intervene
Judging the Kosovo Intervention
Darfur and the Future of Humanitarian Intervention
16. Nondiscrimination for All: The Case of Sexual Minorities
The Right to Nondiscrimination
Nondiscrimination and Political Struggle
Discrimination against Sexual Minorities
Nature, (Im)morality, and Public Morals
Strategies for Inclusion
Paths of Incremental Change
References
Index
