The Duty to Consult

Preface

1. Doctrine and Theory

The Supreme Court Trilogy

Understanding the Duty to Consult

Theoretical Approaches to the Duty to Consult

2. Legal Parameters of the Duty to Consult

Introduction

Triggering the Duty to Consult

a. Knowledge of the Aboriginal Title, Right, or Treaty Right

b. Adverse Effect Element of the Triggering Test

c. Contemplated Government Conduct

d. Summary on Triggering Test

Consultation Partners

Judicial and Quasi-Judicial Intervention on the Duty to Consult

Conclusion

3. The Doctrinal Scope  and Content of the Duty to Consult

Introduction

Content of the Duty to Consult

a. Introducing the Spectrum of Requirements on the Duty to Consult

b. Specific Factors within the Consultation Requirements

c. The Consultation Spectrum

Table: Matrix on Consultation Intensity

d. An Example: The Keystone Pipeline Case

The Duty to Accommodate

The Duty to Consult and Economic Accommodation

Legally Acceptable Consultation and Good Consultation

4. The Law in Action of the Duty to Consult

Introduction: The Concept of the Law in Action

Development of Governmental Consultation Policies

Aboriginal Communities' Consultation Policies

Development of Corporate Consultation Policies

Policies, Practices, and the Formation of "Law"

Conclusion

5. International and Comparative Perspectives for the Future

Introduction

International Law and the Duty to Consult

Comparative Law: Australia's Experience with the "Right to Negotiate"

Conclusion

6. Understanding the Duty to Consult

Notes

Index