CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
1. NATURE IN THE MAKING
Nature's Beginnings
Scientists, Rivers, and Salmon
Why Salmon?
Constructing Nature
Classical Social Constructivism: An Overview
Macroconstructions and Rationality
Rationalization and the Social Construction of Nature
Storytelling
An Author's Story
2. WHO -- OR WHAT -- IS IN CONTROL HERE?
Control, Power, and Salmon Biology
Professionalizing Biologists and Salmon: A Brief History
Schools of FIsheries
Structural Control over Salmon Biology
The Political and Economic Milieu
Funding Salmon Biology
Society and Funding for Salmon
Expediency versus Knowledge
The Professional Politics of Funding
"Bootlegging" Research
Conclusion: Biologists as Bartleby
3. BIOLOGISTS IN THE DRIVER'S SEAT
Control of Salmon by Salmon Biologists
Engineering Salmon
Systems
Laboratories, Field Research, and Control
Quantification and Modeling
"Enhancement": Control by Other Means
Assessing Enhancement
The Interchangeability of Salmon
Salmon Biology and Control over Managers
Biologists and Managers
Conclusion: Salmon and Biology Transformed
4. THINKING AND MAKING SALMON
Cognitive and Physical Constructions
Cognitive Constructions
Physical Constructions
Salmon Hatcheries as Political-Economic Instruments
Salmon Hatchery Technology
Production in Salmon Biology
Hatchery Politics
Hatchery Economics
Certainty, Prediction, and Tooling
An Agrarian Model for Fisheries
Hatchery Salmon as "Different"
The Pro-Hatchery Response
New Tools for Tooling Salmon: High-Tech Fish
When Salmon Research Themselves
The Social Context
Genetics and the New Salmon
Conclusion: Salmon as Social Fact
5. MYTHOLOGY AND BIOLOGY
Science: Myth and the Material
Why Mythology?
Mythology and Control
Mythology and Meaning
Contemporary Interpretations of the Myth Concept
Mythology's Contradictions
Uncertainty and Mythology
Uncertainty, Expertise, and Myth
Myths and "Bad Science"
Funding and Bad Science
Distinguishing Fact from Bad Science
Bad Science: Some Examples
Observer-Created Reality
Conclusion: Infinite Control?
6. FREEDOM AND SELF-DETERMINATION IN SALMON BIOLOGY
Freedom and Control
Freedom in Classical Sociological Theory
Control/Power versus Self-Determinism and Freedom
Biologists' Struggle for Freedom
The Scientific Ideal in an Age of Limits
The Importance of Interchangeability
Conservation Biology, Freedom, and Self-Determination
Conservation Biology: The Core
Conservation Biology within Salmon Biology
Identification and Ethics
Advocacy, Acceptance, and Resistance
Commonalities with the Fisheries Perspective
Conclusion: Back to the Future
7. SALMON WARS AND THE "NATURE" OF POLITICS
Power to the People?
Anatomy of a Fish War
Capturing a Fugitive with a Treaty
The Salmon War Gets Hot
Constructing Complete Communities
Conclusion: Nature as We Want It to Be
8. CONSTRUCTING NATURE -- AND EXPERIENCING IT
Toward a Sociology of Social-Natural Interactions
Knowing a Meaningless Nature
APPENDIX. METHODS AND RELATED RESEARCH
Data Gathering and Analysis for this Study
Grounded Theory
The Intellectual Heritage: Prior Works
Socially Constructing Science and Technology
Socially Constructing Nature
Catton and Dunlap: The First Social Constructivists of Nature
Landscaping Nature
Other Understandings
The Anticonstructivists
A Change of Face
Murphy's Failed Critique of Constructivism
NOTES
INDEX
