xv Acknowledgments
1 Purpose and Scope
3 Setting the Scene
12 A Historical Perspective of Illinois Fishes
17 Fish Morphology
20 Organization of Illinois Family and Species Accounts
21 Methods for Mapping Species Distributions
26 Key to the Families of Illinois Fishes
41 LAMPREYS (Family Petromyzontidae)
42 Key to the Lampreys
46 Ohio Lamprey, Itchthyomyzon bdellium
47 Chestnut Lamprey, Ichthyomyzon castaneus
48 Northern Brook Lamprey, Ichthyomyzon fossor
49 Silver Lamprey, Ichthyomyzon unicuspis
50 Least Brook Lamprey, Lampetra aepyptera
51 American Brook Lamprey, Lethenteron appendix
52 Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon marinus
53 STURGEONS (Family Acipenseridae)
54 Key to the Sturgeons
56 Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens
57 Pallid Sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus
58 Shovelnose Sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus platorynchus
59 PADDLEFISHES (Family Polyodontidae)
60 Paddlefish, Polyodon spathula
61 GARS (Family Lepisosteidae)
62 Key to the Gars
64 Alligator Gar, Atractosteus spatula
65 Spotted Gar, Lepisosteus oculatus
66 Longnose Gar, Lepisosteus osseus
67 Shortnose Gar, Lepisosteus platostomus
68 BOWFINS (Family Amiidae)
69 Bowfin, Amia calva
70 FRESHWATER EELS (Family Anguillidae)
71 American Eel, Anguilla rostrata
72 MOONEYES (Family Hiodontidae)
73 Key to the Mooneyes
74 Goldeye, Hiodon alosoides
75 Mooneye, Hiodon tergisus
76 SHADS AND HERRINGS (Family Clupeidae)
77 Key to the Shad and Herrings
79 Alabama Shad, Alosa alabamae
80 Skip Jack Herring, Alosa chrysochloris
81 Alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus
82 Gizzard Shad, Dorosoma cepedianum
83 Threadfin Shad, Dorosoma petenense
84 SUCKERS (Family Catostomidae)
85 Key to the Suckers
94 River Carpsucker, Carpiodes carpio
95 Quillback, Carpiodes cyprinus
96 Highfin Carpsucker, Carpiodes velifer
97 Longnose Sucker, Catostomus catostomus
98 White Sucker, Catostomus commersonii
99 Blue Sucker, Cycleptus elongatus
100 Western Creek Chubsucker, Erimyzon claviformis
101 Lake Chubsucker, Erimyzon sucetta
102 Northern Hog Sucker, Hypentelium nigricans
103 Smallmouth Buffalo, Ictiobus bubalus
104 Bigmouth Buffalo, Ictiobus cyprinellus
105 Black Buffalo, Ictiobus niger
106 Spotted Sucker, Minytrema melanops
107 Silver Redhorse, Moxostoma anisurum
108 River Redhorse, Moxostoma carinaturm
109 Black Redhorse, Moxostoma duquesnei
110 Golden Redhorse, Moxostoma erythrurum
111 Shorthead Redhorse, Moxostoma macrolepidotum
112 Greater Redhorse, Moxostoma valenciennesi
113 BARBS AND CARPS (Family Cyprinidae)
114 Key to the Barbs and Carps
115 Goldfish, Carassius auratus
116 Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio
117 SHARPBELLIES (Family Xenocyprididae)
118 Key to the Sharpbellies
120 Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella
121 Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
122 Bighead Carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
123 Black Carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus
124 MINNOWS (Family Leuciscidae)
125 Key to the Minnows
153 Central Stoneroller, Campostoma anomalum
154 Largescale Stoneroller, Campostoma oligolepis
155 Southern Redbelly Dace, Chrosomus erythrogaster
156 Redside Dace, Clinostomus elongatus
157 Lake Chub, Couesius plumbeus
158 Red Shiner, Cyprinella lutrensis
159 Spotfin Shiner, Cyprinella spiloptera
160 Blacktail Shiner, Cyprinella venusta
161 Steelcolor Shiner, Cyprinella whipplei
162 Silverjaw Minnow, Ericymba buccata
163 Gravel Chub, Erimystax x-punctatus
164 Western Silvery Minnow, Hybognathus argyritis
165 Brassy Minnow, Hybognathus hankinsoni
166 Cypress Minnow, Hybognathus hayi
167 Mississippi Silvery Minnow, Hybognathus nuchalis
168 Plains Minnow, Hybognathus placitus
169 Bigeye Chub, Hybopsis amblops
170 Pallid Shiner, Hybopsis amnis
171 Striped Shiner, Luxilus chrysocephalus
172 Common Shiner, Luxilus cornutus
173 Bleeding Shiner, Luxilus zonatus
174 Scarlet Shiner, Lythrurus fasciolaris
175 Ribbon Shiner, Lythrurus fumeus
176 Redfin Shiner, Lythrurus umbratilis
177 Sturgeon Chub, Macrhybopsis gelida
178 Shoal Chub, Macrhybopsis hyostoma
179 Sicklefin Chub, Macrhybopsis meeki
180 Silver Chub, Macrhybopsis storeriana
181 Hornyhead Chub, Nocomis biguttatus
182 River Chub, Nocomis micropogon
183 Golden Shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas
184 Pugnose Shiner, Notropis anogenus
185 Emerald Shiner, Notropis atherinoides
186 River Shiner, Notropis blennius
187 Bigeye Shiner, Notropis boops
188 Ghost Shiner, Notropis buchanani
189 Ironcolor Shiner, Notropis chalybaeus
190 Bigmouth Shiner, Notropis dorsalis
191 Blackchin Shiner, Notropis heterodon
192 Blacknose Shiner, Notropis heterolepis
193 Spottail Shiner, Notropis hudsonius
194 Taillight Shiner, Notropis maculatus
195 Ozark Minnow, Notropis nubilus
196 Carmine Shiner, Notropis percobromus
197 Silver Shiner, Notropis photogenis
198 Rosyface Shiner, Notropis rubellus
199 Silverband Shiner, Notropis shumardi
200 Sand Shiner, Notropis stramineus
201 Weed Shiner, Notropis texanus
202 Mimic Shiner, Notropis volucellus
203 Channel Shiner, Notropis wickliffi
204 Pugnose Minnow, Opsopoeodus emiliae
205 Suckermouth Minnow, Phenacobius mirabilis
206 Bluntnose Minnow, Pimephales notatus
207 Fathead Minnow, Pimephales promelas
208 Bullhead Minnow, Pimephales vigilax
209 Flathead Chub, Platygobio gracilis
210 Bluehead Shiner, Pteronotropis hubbsi
211 Longnose Dace, Rhinichthys cataractae
212 Western Blacknose Dace, Rhinichthys obtusus
213 Creek Chub, Semotilus atromoculatus
214 SPINED LOACHES (Family Cobitidae)
215 Oriental Weatherfish, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus
216 NORTH AMERICAN CATFISHES (Family Ictaluridae)
217 Key to the North American Catfishes
224 White Catfish, Ameiurus catus
225 Black Bullhead, Ameiurus melas
226 Yellow Bullhead, Ameiurus natalis
227 Brown Bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus
228 Blue Catfish, Ictalurus furcatus
229 Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus
230 Mountain Madtom, Noturus eleutherus
231 Slender Madtom, Noturus exilis
232 Stonecat, Noturus flavus
233 Tadpole Madtom, Noturus gyrinus
234 Brindled Madtom, Noturus miurus
235 Freckled Madtom, Noturus nocturnus
236 Northern Madtom, Noturus stigmosus
237 Flathead Catfish, Pylodictis olivaris
238 PIKES AND MUDMINNOWS (Family Esocidae)
239 Key to the Pikes and Mudminnows
241 Grass Pickerel, Esox americanus
242 Northern Pike, Esox lucius
243 Muskellunge, Esox masquinongy
244 Central Mudminnow, Umbra limi
245 TROUTS, SALMONS, AND WHITEFISHES (Family Salmonidae)
246 Key to the Trouts, Salmon, and Whitefishes
251 Cisco, Coregonus artedi
252 Lake Whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis
253 Bloater, Coregonus hoyi
254 Blackfin Cisco, Coregonus nigripinnis
255 Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch
256 Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
257 Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
258 Round Whitefish, Prosopium cylindraceum
259 Brown Trout, Salmo trutta
260 Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis
261 Lake Trout, Salvelinus namaycush
262 SMELTS (Family Osmeridae)
263 Rainbow Smelt, Osmerus mordax
264 TROUT-PERCHES (Family Percopsidae)
265 Trout-perch, Percopsis omiscomaycus
266 PIRATE PERCHES (Family Aphredoderidae)
267 Pirate Perch, Aphredoderus sayanus
268 CAVEFISHES (Family Amblyopsidae)
269 Shawnee Hills Cavefish, Forbesichthys papilliferus
270 CUSKFISHES (Family Lotidae)
271 Burbot, Lota lota
272 GOBIES (Family Gobiidae)
273 Round Goby, Neogobius melanostomus
274 NEW WORLD SILVERSIDES (Family Atherinopsidae)
275 Key to the New World Silversides
276 Brook Silverside, Labidesthes sicculus
277 Inland Silverside, Menidia beryllina
278 TOPMINNOWS (Family Fundulidae)
279 Key to the Topminnows
281 Northern Studfish, Fundulus catenatus
282 Banded Killifish, Fundulus diaphanus
283 Starhead Topminnow, Fundulus dispar
284 Blackstripe Topminnow, Fundulus notatus
285 Blackspotted Topminnow, Fundulus olivaceus
286 LIVEBEARERS (Family Poeciliidae)
287 Western Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis
288 MULLETS (Family Mugilidae)
289 Striped Mullet, Mugil cephalus
290 SUNFISHES (Family Centrarchidae)
291 Key to the Sunfishes
301 Rock Bass, Ambloplites rupestris
302 Flier, Centrarchus macropterus
303 Green Sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus
304 Pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus
305 Warmouth, Lepomis gulosus
306 Orangespotted Sunfish, Lepomis humilis
307 Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus
308 Longear Sunfish, Lepomis megalotis
309 Redear Sunfish, Lepomis microlophus
310 Northern Sunfish, Lepomis peltastes
311 Spotted Sunfish, Lepomis punctatus
312 Bantam Sunfish, Lepomis symmetricus
313 Smallmouth Bass, Micropterus dolomieu
314 Spotted Bass, Micropterus punctulatus
315 Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides
316 White Crappie, Pomoxis annularis
317 Black Crappie, Pomoxis nigromaculatus
318 PYGMY SUNFISHES (Family Elassomatidae)
319 Banded Pygmy Sunfish, Elassoma zonatum
320 WHITE BASSES (Family Moronidae)
321 Key to the White Basses
323 White Perch, Morone americana
324 White Bass, Morone chrysops
325 Yellow Bass, Morone mississippiensis
326 Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis
327 DRUMS AND CROAKERS (Family Sciaenidae)
328 Freshwater Drum, Aplodinotus grunniens
329 DARTERS AND PERCHES (Percidae)
330 Key to the Darters and Perches
345 Western Sand Darter, Ammocrypta clara
346 Eastern Sand Darter, Ammocrypta pellucida
347 Crystal Darter, Crystallaria asprella
348 Mud Darter, Etheostoma asprigene
349 Greenside Darter, Etheostoma blennioides
350 Rainbow Darter, Etheostoma caeruleum
351 Bluebreast Darter, Etheostoma camurum
352 Bluntnose Darter, Etheostoma chlorosoma
353 Fringed Darter, Etheostoma crossopterum
354 Iowa Darter, Etheostoma exile
355 Fantail Darter, Etheostoma flabellare
356 Slough Darter, Etheostoma gracile
357 Harlequin Darter, Etheostoma histrio
358 Stripetail Darter, Etheostoma kennicotti
359 Least Darter, Etheostoma microperca
360 Johnny Darter, Etheostoma nigrum
361 Cypress Darter, Etheostoma proeliare
362 Orangethroat Darter, Etheostoma spectabile
363 Spottail Darter, Etheostoma squamiceps
364 Banded Darter, Etheostoma zonale
365 Yellow Perch, Perca flavescens
366 Logperch, Percina caprodes
367 Channel Darter, Percina copelandi
368 Gilt Darter, Percina evides
369 Blackside Darter, Percina maculata
370 Slenderhead Darter, Percina phoxocephala
371 Dusky Darter, Percina sciera
372 River Darter, Percina shumardi
373 Stargazing Darter, Percina uranidea
374 Sauger, Sander canadense
375 Walleye, Sander vitreum
376 STICKLEBACKS (Family Gasterosteidae)
377 Key to the Sticklebacks
378 Brook Stickleback, Culaea inconstans
379 Threespine Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus
380 Ninespine Stickleback, Pungitius pungitius
381 SCULPINS (Family Cottidae)
382 Key to the Sculpins
384 Spoonhead Sculpin, Cottus ricei
385 Deepwater Sculpin, Myoxocephalus thompsonii
386 Mottled Sculpin, Uranidea bairdii
387 Banded Sculpin, Uranidea carolinae
388 Slimy Sculpin, Uranidea congnata
389 Photo Credits and Locations
394 Glossary
397 Literature Cited
401 Index of Common and Scientific Names
